Robotic automation

Human beings, unlike machines can not only handle tools and products of different sizes and shapes but are also
capable of executing a variety of tasks. Engineers have often sought similar capabilities in machines and this has
been possible now with the availability of inexpensive microprocessors.
Used in conjunction with special servo-motors, actuators and sensors, the microprocessor has revolutionized
automation. It is now possible to build automation devices that can be operated under the guidance of a
program. A familiar example is a printer that can be programmed to print the alphabet. A few key strokes would
enable the user to change over to a program that enables one to draw diagrams. This capability is extended
further through the use of sensors. For example a sensor in the printer does not permit the printing to begin
unless a paper is present. These capabilities are extended further and when the machine is able to change its
activity to suit a given situation it is called “autonomous”.
Robots
An important part of the automation scene is the area of “Robotics” a multidisciplinary field that involves
mechanical, electronics and several other engineering disciplines. Though the ultimate aim is to attempt emulate
human activities, something which is extremely difficult to attain, these attempts have resulted in development
of robots. These are beneficial in handling hazardous tasks and for operating in hazardous areas like chemical or
nuclear plants. Examples of such tasks include plates being x-rayed for inspection of internal cracks and flaws, a
routine but hazardous operation.